Transcript

Note: This is not a word for word transcript

Neil
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English – the programme where we bring you an interesting topic and six items of vocabulary. I'm Neil. 

Catherine
And I'm Catherine. 

Neil
Now, if you want to fight climate change – what can you do?

Catherine
Well, you can use less electricity…

Neil
Or stop driving… 

Catherine
But scientists believe there's another behaviour which has an even bigger impact on the planet, and that is what you eat. 

Neil
We're talking about meat here. If people cut out meat and animal products from their diets – harmful emissions could be reduced by 70%. That's according to research from Oxford University.

Catherine
Now emissions are the gases produced by an activity or living thing – so we could talk about factory emissions or farming emissions. 

Neil
And if you eat no meat or animal products you're what we call 'vegan'. More and more people around the world are going vegan. And today's question: which of these celebrities is vegan? Is it…
a) Brad Pitt,
b) Jennifer Lopez or
c) Miley Cyrus? 

Catherine
And I'm going to go for…c) Miley Cyrus. 

Neil
Well, we'll find out at the end of the programme. Now, before we go much further, why don't we find out a bit more about exactly what it means to be vegan? 

Catherine
Here's Tom Kuehnel from the Vegan Society in the UK. 

INSERT
Tom Kuehnel, Vegan Society
Veganism is a way of living which excludes, as far as is possible and practicable, all forms of exploitation and cruelty to animals. So that's for food, clothing or any other purpose. So we just don't want to use or abuse animals. And we feel like there, you know, there are plenty of alternatives in this day and age. It's never been easier to be vegan.

Neil
Of course, he says that avoiding cruelty to animals is what it's all about, but that doesn't just mean food. If you're a true vegan, then clothing from animals is also out - no more leather shoes! 

Catherine
But he feels that it's easier than ever before to become vegan – and uses a nice phrase: "in this day and age". 

Neil
Yes. It means 'these days', or 'in the present time' – and is often used to highlight a contrast with a previous time. 

Catherine
So, many people go vegan for ethical reasons. Now ethical is a useful word, it means 'relating to moral beliefs', so if you become vegan for ethical reasons, you do it because you think it's wrong to eat or use animal products. 

Neil
Others go vegan because of environmental considerations, as we looked at earlier. Rearing livestock – that means animals like cows and pigs – produces a lot of harmful methane gas. Now, let's just say the animals themselves produce a lot of it from their bodies. The other major reason to choose veganism… 

Catherine
Veganism – now, that's the noun for the diet. 

Neil
… is because they believe it is healthier. 

Catherine
In the research from Oxford University we mentioned earlier, scientists found that 8 million deaths per year could be avoided if the world went vegan. 

Neil
Now, that's human deaths. They claim that half of this figure would be because we no longer eat red meat, and the other half would be due to eating more healthy fruit and vegetables – as well as fewer people being overweight. 

Catherine
And they say that this would have an economic impact too. They suggest that up to $1,000bn a year would be saved due to reduced healthcare costs and increased productivity at work - because fewer people would get sick. 

Neil
So, if it's all so simple – why don't we all go vegan tomorrow? 

Catherine
Well, meat-eating is an important part of most cultures – not everyone wants to change. 

Neil
And millions of people worldwide raise livestock for a living. 

Catherine
So these jobs would disappear. Now, with up to a third of the planet estimated to be arid – which means dry and unable to support crops - people living in these regions rely on livestock, so people for example like the Berbers in the Sahara region. 

Neil
Without animal farming they would be forced to abandon traditional nomadic lifestyles – that's where they move from place to place - and settle in cities. 

Catherine
And for many people, well, they just like eating meat and dairy. 

Neil
We asked you about well-known vegans: which of these is vegan?
a) Brad Pitt,
b) Jennifer Lopez or
c) Miley Cyrus? 

Catherine
And I said it was Miley Cyrus. 

Neil
Well, you're kind of half right, Catherine. In fact, both Brad Pitt and Miley Cyrus are vegan. Jennifer Lopez used to be, but has since started eating meat again, apparently. 

Catherine
Now, why don't we wrap up by looking at today's vocabulary one more time? 

Neil
Well – we started with emissions: gases produced by something or an activity such as digestion. Livestock emissions for example – are gases produced by animals. 

Catherine
We can also add a word that describes a kind of emissions, like methane emissions or greenhouse gas emissions. 

Neil
Next up we had in this day and age – which means 'these days'. 

Catherine
I still can't believe you still don't have a smartphone in this day and age, Neil. 

Neil
Well, maybe I just object to smartphones for ethical reasons! 

Catherine
So you have for moral reasons to smartphones? 

Neil
Yeah, for me it's important to understand the conditions of the workers in the factory where the smartphone is made. 

Catherine
That's fair enough then. But, Neil, you haven't become vegan yet for ethical reasons, have you? 

Neil
You've got me there – I admire veganism but I still like cheese too much to do it! Veganism is the noun. 

Catherine
That's right. So two more words to go – we have arid and livestock. Arid describes land that is too dry to support many crops or plants. 

Neil
But arid regions can sometimes support livestock – livestock means farm animals. If you think of the 'stock' as being the assets of a business, then animals are 'living' or 'live' stock. 

Catherine
And that brings us to the end of today's programme. Join us on our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube pages for lots more! Let us know what you think of veganism!

Neil
Bye for now.

Catherine
Bye!

 

Vocabulary

emissions
gases produced by something 

in this day and age
these days

ethical
moral 

veganism
the vegan diet 

arid
dry; too dry to support crops 

livestock
farm animals