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Tressel, Ashley. Inside the Pentagon's Inside Missile Defense; Arlington Vol. 24, Iss. 16, (Aug 1, 2018).

Senior Pentagon and service leaders have come to a formal agreement on the development of a hypersonic boost-glide technology, Inside Defense has learned.

A memorandum of agreement was signed June 28 by Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Michael Griffin, Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Ellen Lord, Army Secretary Mark Esper, Navy Secretary Richard Spencer, Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson and Missile Defense Agency Director Lt. Gen. Samuel Greaves, Pentagon spokeswoman Lt. Col. Michelle Baldanza told Inside Defense July 20.

"This memorandum delineates roles and responsibilities in the design, development, testing, and production of a Common Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) to support the Army Long Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) program, Navy Intermediate Range Conventional Prompt Strike (IRCPS) program, Air Force Hypersonic Conventional Strike Weapon (HCSW), and MDA defense against hypersonic efforts," Baldanza said.

"This is an extension of previously successful hypersonic boost glide vehicle demonstrations."

The agreement sets "the framework for near-term hypersonic prototyping and long-term acquisition goals and development efforts to ensure DOD remains the world leader in hypersonic research," she said. "It allows the department to leverage technology effectively while increasing the lethality and competitive advantage of our military forces."

The Pentagon's fiscal year 2018 request to shift $4.3 billion between budget accounts as part of an annual reallocation of funds revealed new details about the department's plans for hypersonic strike weapons.

The Office of the Secretary of Defense seeks congressional permission to shift an additional $159.5 million into the Conventional Prompt Strike program, including $40 million to support plans for the eventual serial manufacturing of a hypersonic glide vehicle. The Pentagon is notionally considering an initial production rate of five hypersonic glide vehicles a year, according to the document.

The reprogramming request also reveals that the Hypersonic Conventional Strike Weapon, or Hacksaw, will pair an Army-designed hypersonic boost-glide vehicle with an off-the-shelf rocket, giving the Air Force the ability to air-launch an ultrafast weapon. The effort is part of a new campaign to leverage the recent success of the Conventional Prompt Strike program.

The Army wants to realign $20 million in FY-18 for the Hacksaw program "to support the modification and integration of the Conventional Prompt Strike glide body into HCSW, as well as early transition of the CPS glide body design to the HCSW prime contractor for optimization and prototype production."

Sherman, Jason. Inside the Pentagon's Inside Missile Defense; Arlington Vol. 24, Iss. 16, (Aug 1, 2018).

Lawmakers have rolled back a Pentagon gambit to classify missile defense flight test plans by including a provision in the final version of the fiscal year 2019 defense policy bill explicitly requiring the Missile Defense Agency to annually make public a version of scheduled test events for the $180 billion Ballistic Missile Defense System.

Senate and House conferees negotiating a consolidated FY-19 defense authorization bill agreed to adopt legislation proposed by the House earlier this year mandating MDA "publicly make available" a version of the agency's Integrated Master Test Plan "that identifies the fiscal year and fiscal quarter in which events under the plan would occur."

"This legislative action will effectively override the classification judgment of the executive branch," Steven Aftergood, FAS Project on Government Secrecy director, said in a July 27 note flagging the provision. "That is something that Congress rarely does and that the executive branch regards as an infringement on its authority."

In February, MDA submitted to Congress an FY-19 budget submission that withheld flight-test schedule details for all elements of the Ballistic Missile Defense System. Inside Defense first reported the policy decision by MDA to jettison the long-standing practice of routinely publishing both test schedules and test objectives on Feb. 28.

For decades, DOD has provided as part of its annual spending request the names of planned test events, the overall objective of the test, and a three-month window during which the event is slated to take place. In February, MDA said the only public notice for test events going forward would be to warn ship captains and aircraft to steer clear of test ranges.

MDA is developing a number of major systems that collectively are designed to defend against enemy ballistic missiles; the objective is to integrate each of these so-called "elements" into a system that functions as a single capability. Major elements include the Aegis BMD system, Groundbased Midcourse Defense, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense and a Command, Control, Battle Management and Communications system.

MDA requests more than $1 billion annually to conduct tests of this system, according to the Government Accountability Office.

The agency's move to not reveal information about testing in advance defied recommendations of congressional auditors who last year called on MDA to increase transparency of its testing activities, noting in a May 2017 Government Accountability Office report that the agency's request for resources to fund testing "are inconsistent and lack transparency."

The Defense Department was not happy with the House provision and this spring the White House Office of Management and Budget formally registered its objection.

"The Administration objects to [the provision], which would require MDA to publicly release the quarter and fiscal year execution of planned missile defense flight tests," according to the May 22 statement. "Due to the need to safeguard critical defense information, DOD no longer discloses the dates and times of missile defense flight tests prior to the required safety notifications."

Kwiatkowski, Maximilian; Tressel, Ashley. Inside the Pentagon's Inside Missile Defense; Arlington Vol. 24, Iss. 16, (Aug 1, 2018).

Congress is pushing the Army to look into fielding an interim anti-cruise missile defense system after finding a gap in the service's capabilities.

The final 2019 defense policy bill, agreed to by House and Senate conferees, includes a provision requiring the defense secretary to inform Congress within 30 days of the bill being signed into law as to whether the Army needs to deploy a short-term solution.

Should the secretary find there is a need, the conferees laid out a plan that would see two cruise missile defense batteries deployed by Sept. 30, 2020 and two more by the same date in 2023.

"The conferees strongly urge the Army to consider deployment of the interim capability be prioritized in locations for deployment of air bases and significant fixed site locations in Europe and Asia for the purpose of the protection of such bases and locations against potential cruise missile threats," the final conference report states. "The conferees further recommend that the Army consider force structure requirements for the interim capability and plan accordingly in order to ensure full support of such a system once deployed."

Language was originally proposed by the Senate, which noted a skepticism that the Army's long-term solution would come fast enough.

"As outlined by the National Defense Strategy, cruise missile defense is a critical capability to defend against Russian and Chinese threats," the Senate committee report stated. "Without this capability, the committee is concerned the U.S. Army will fail to successfully perform its mission to protect the joint force."

The House agreed to the provision but added language calling on the Army to look at directed-energy weapons as a possible choice for the deployment in 2023.

Conferees agreed to give the Army $87 million to procure an interim cruise missile defense system.

The lawmakers also seek a report from the Army secretary on the service's efforts to improve the survivability of its air defense artillery.

Conferees are focused on "the efforts of the Army to improve passive and active nonkinetic capabilities and training with respect to such artillery," according to their report.

The lawmakers require by March 1, 2019, "an analysis of the utility of relevant passive and active non-kinetic integrated air and missile defense capabilities, including tactical mobility, new passive and active sensors, signature reduction, concealment, and deception systems, and electronic warfare and high-powered radio frequency systems."

The report will also include "an analysis of the utility of relevant active kinetic capabilities, such as a new, long-range counter-maneuvering threat missile and additional indirect fire protection capability units to defend Patriot and Terminal High Altitude Area Defense batteries," the report states.

The final bill authorizes $3.2 billion in total missile procurement for the Army -- $232.6 million going to the Indirect Fire Protection Capability Increment 2-Intercept Block 1 system, with the interim cruise missile defense funding included in that line.

Senate authorizers initially recommended a $500 million increase to field an interim cruise missile defense capability, arguing the Army's $145 million request for IFPC Increment 2-1 was too little.

"The committee believes this is insufficient to deliver the critical need for cruise missile defenses of fixed assets and to ensure any delays that emanate from the IFPC weapon system or the Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System," the Senate Armed Services Committee said in its original report.

IFPC Increment 2 is a ground-based system designed to detect and defeat a wide range of threats, including unmanned aircraft, motors, rockets, artillery and cruise missiles. The system, according to Army budget materials, provides 360-degree protection "and simultaneously engages threats arriving from different azimuths."

Sherman, Jason. Inside the Pentagon's Inside Missile Defense; Arlington Vol. 24, Iss. 16, (Aug 1, 2018).

The Missile Defense Agency's plans this fall to execute a do-over test of the Standard-Missile 3 Block IIA interceptor -- which failed during a key January assessment -- will cost about third less than previously estimated, allowing the agency to offer $47.8 million originally slated for the test to be spent on higher Pentagon priorities.

On July 11, Pentagon Comptroller David Norquist sent Congress an omnibus reprogramming that seeks to realign $4.3 billion among dozens of accounts, including proposing seven MDA projects related to the SM-3 Block II test as billpayers for higher-priority needs.

"Funds are available due to changes in the flight test requirements for the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense flight retest (FTM-29)," the reprogramming document states, referring to the Jan. 31 Flight Test Standard Missile-29 event where the new interceptor failed. "The Missile Defense Agency will use an existing Standard Missile-3 Block IIA missile that was purchased with RDT&E funding for the FTM-29 flight test retest interceptor, which will be consumed during the test," the document states.

In late March, less than two months after MDA's newest ballistic missile interceptor failed in a high-stakes flight test, lawmakers added $136 million in the fiscal year 2018 spending bill for a do-over of that test.

The SM-3 Block IIA program benefited from a nearly six-month delay in finalizing the FY-18 defense spending bill, giving lawmakers a chance to add $106 million in research and development funding and $30 million in procurement funding to MDA's FY-18 budget following the Jan. 31 failure during Flight Test Standard Missile-29 (FTM-29).

MDA, it turns out, does not require all the research and development funds, including $34 million slated for an additional SM-3 Block IIA interceptor.

FTM-29 was a key assessment of the Aegis Ashore combat system and Standard Missile-3 Block IIA interceptor that aimed to prove new capabilities slated for expanding the U.S. defensive shield in Europe later this year.

The re-test is slated for sometime this fall, according to a DOD source.

MDA Director Lt. Gen. Sam Greaves told reporters in June the nomenclature for the re-test is FTM-45.

The flight test failure prompted the government to halt deliveries from Raytheon of the new interceptor and triggered the creation of a Failure Review Board to understand what went wrong.

Greaves said the review board believes the cause of the failure has been isolated and corrective action is being taken.

"We have significant confidence that if the part had not failed, [the SM-3 Block IIA interceptor] would have worked," Greaves said at a June 26 event on Capitol Hill organized by the Air Force Association.

The new interceptor has a 21-inch diameter body -- an increase from 13.5 inches used in earlier SM-3 variants -- to fly faster and farther in order to defend against short- to intermediate-range ballistic missiles.

The guided missile features two improvements on earlier variants: a larger motor and a larger kinetic warhead. The warhead has new improvements, including a seeker that improves search, discrimination and tracking functions.

Raytheon is holding in abeyance planned SM-3 Block IIA deliveries pending the outcome of the Failure Review Board. Still, MDA has directed the company in the meantime to continue manufacturing the first batch of the SM-3 Block IIA missiles on order.

At issue are 17 interceptors MDA ordered for $614 million from Raytheon last August.

The SM-3 Block IIA is the centerpiece of a new capability the Pentagon plans to deploy in Poland and Romania as part of European Phased Adaptive Approach 3. MDA in June announced plans for that deployment have slipped from December 2018 to sometime in 2020 due to delays associated with building an Aegis Ashore site in Poland.

Sherman, Jason. Inside the Pentagon's Inside Missile Defense; Arlington Vol. 24, Iss. 16, (Aug 1, 2018).

The Defense Department has launched a prototype project that aims to dramatically increase the speed and range of the Navy's Standard Missile-6 by adding a larger rocket motor to the ship-launched weapon, a move that aims to improve both the offensive and defensive reach of the Raytheon-built system.

On Jan. 17, the Navy approved plans to develop a Dual Thrust Rocket Motor with a 21-inch diameter for the SM-6, which is currently fielded with a 13.5-inch propulsion package. The new rocket motor would sit atop the current 21-inch booster, producing a new variant of the missile: the SM-6 Block IB.

These developments are revealed in a July 11 Pentagon reprogramming request that seeks permission to shift $4.3 billion from lower- to higherpriority projects, including a proposal to immediately pump an additional $2 million into a Navy account that supports rapid prototyping, experimentation and development.

"Funds are required to support Phase 1A rocket motor prototyping for the Standard-Missile 6," the reprogramming request states.

Earlier this year, the Navy approved a larger motor design as part of an accelerated acquisition initiative, according to the document.

The planned SM-6 Block IB enhancement appears to echo improvements made to the SM-3 over the last decade. The Navy -- working with the government of Japan and industry partners Raytheon and Mitsubishi -- developed the SM-3 Block IIA to fly faster and farther to defend against short- to intermediate-range ballistic missiles by expanding the body of the interceptor to a 21-inch diameter, an increase from 13.5 inches in earlier SM-3 variants.

The SM-6 program is an $8.7 billion acquisition project. The weapon is a ship-launched interceptor with the ability to hit aircraft, cruise missiles and ballistic missiles in the terminal phase of flight. The Pentagon last year revealed a new offensive capability: the option to strike enemy ships.

The SM-6 program is a block upgrade of the Standard Missile that features the integration of the active seeker used in the Advanced MediumRange Air-to-Air Missile, also developed and built by Raytheon. Its inclusion is designed to give Navy commanders increased defenses against air threats.

"The SM-6 BLK IB is a propulsion improvement to the SM-6 BLK IA that includes the development and prototyping of a 21-inch rocket motor for integration with the SM-6 BLK IA guidance and ordnance section to greatly improve kinematics and range," according to the reprogramming request.

Pentagon officials have identified the SM-6 Block IB program as a project that will utilize new acquisition authorities granted under Section 804 of the Fiscal Year 2016 National Defense Authorization Act.

These new authorities provide DOD an avenue to streamline rapid prototyping for "middle tier capabilities" that can be fielded within five years or use proven technologies to upgrade existing systems.

The Navy's rapid prototyping development account -- created in FY-17 and for which Congress appropriated $23.2 million in FY-18 for advanced component development -- consists of a number of sub-projects, including Weapon Systems and Integration.

"This project will explore innovative and emerging electronics and control systems, sensors, payloads, and weapons technologies that have the capability of upgrading the offensive capability of surface combatants," according to FY-18 budget justification documents. "Rapidly integrate and demonstrate weapon system prototypes into existing and modular weapon systems to demonstrate increased lethality, range and effectiveness. This work will explore the warfighting utilization of emerging naval and industry innovations, such as advanced gun systems and propelling charge designs, low cost imaging terminal seekers, enhanced lethality warheads, and directed energy technologies."

（来源：防务内情网站）

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