本文出自2016年1月22日《地理杂志》名为“The Nepal Earthquake: a warning for the future?”的一篇文章。讨论尼泊尔继2015年4月的大地震之后,是否还有可能发生地震。由于原文较长,仅摘取原文前四段供大家赏读。在此过程中,希望大家注意词汇的积累,长难句型的分析。
I.①There is a temptation to believe that Nepal is now safe; the fault has released energy and the buildings proved to be more resilient than expected. ②However, investigations of the earthquake indicate this would be a dangerous view.
II.①On 25 April 2015, Nepal was stuck by the magnitude 7.8 Gorkha earthquake,followed on 12 May 2015 by an aftershock of magnitude 7.3. ②The effects of these earthquakes have been widely reported, with almost 9,000 people killed, over 22,000 injured, and more than 600,000 private houses and almost 20,000 school classrooms destroyed.③The start of the reconstruction phase has been long delayed, with the arrangements mired in political machinations.④The upshot is that a very large proportion of the affected population has had to endure first thesummer monsoon, and now the bitterly cold Nepali winter, with little or no suitable shelter.
III.①It was well known that Nepal was overdue a major earthquake-indeed, as our understanding of the very complex plate tectonics beneath the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau has improved, the warnings of the risks have become ever stronger. ②In terms of Nepal as a nation, the main threat lies in a section ofthe major fault that provides the boundary between the Himalayas to the north and the Indian continental mass to the south. ③This fault runs across the southern part of Nepal, but the main concern lies in the section that runs westwards from a little south of Kathmandu. ④This section of fault suffered a very large and extremely damaging earthquake in 1505, but has not had a large event since. ⑤This indicates that the fault has stored a vast amount of energy, and thus is prone to a large earthquake. ⑥It was indeed this section of fault that ruptured to generate the earthquake in April.
IV①It had been widely anticipated that the effects of an earthquake on this fault would be catastrophic. ②Indeed, the number of deaths in Kathmandu was expected to exceed 70,000 with many more in the rural regions. ③Nepal appears to have a very high level of vulnerability to the effects of earthquake shaking, with large numbers of buildings not reinforced against the effects of earthquakes, and many steep, unstable slopes that have the potential to generate landslides.④In this context, Nepal appears to have fared surprisingly well in the 2015 quake, recognizing of course the desperately sad losses that did occur.⑤As a result there is a temptation to believe that Nepal is now safe – that the fault has released energy and the buildings proved to be more resilient than expected.
(“The Nepal Earthquake: a warning for the future?”Written by Dave Petley Published in Tectonicson 22 Jan 2016 )
1.temptation [temp'teɪʃn] n.引诱,诱惑;诱惑物
2.fault [fɔːlt] n.过失,过错,缺点,毛病,裂缝
3.*resilient [rɪ'zɪlɪənt] a.弹回的,迅速恢复精力的,有弹力的
4.magnitude [mægnɪtuːd /-tjuːd] n.大小,数量;巨大,广大
5.*machination [mækɪ'neɪʃn] n.阴谋; 策划
6.*monsoon [mɑn'suːn /mɒ-] n.季节风, 雨季, 吹季节风的季节
7.*overdue [ˌəuvəˈdjuː ] a.过期的, 迟到的, 未兑的
8.*tectonics [tek'tɑnɪks /-tɒ] n.构造学; 大地构造学
9.*prone [prəʊn] a.倾向于,俯伏的,倾斜的,陡的
10.ruptured ['rʌptʃə(r)] n.破裂, 裂开, 断裂v. 破裂; 发疝气; 不和
11.anticipated [æn'tɪsɪpeɪt] vt.预料;期望;预先考虑;抢先;提前使用
12.catastrophic [kætə'strɒfɪk] a.灾难的; 悲惨的; 激变的; 惨败的
13.vulnerability [vʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ] n.易受伤; 弱点; 易受责难
14.reinforce [rɪːɪn'fɔrs /-'fɔːs] v.增援,加强
(注:标*的为超纲词)
I.①There is a temptation to believe that Nepal is now safe; the fault has released energy and the buildings proved to be more resilient than expected. ②However, investigations of the earthquake indicate this would be a dangerous view.
翻译:人们开始相信,现在的尼泊尔是安全的,裂缝已经释放了能量,建筑也被证明比预期的更有抵抗力。然而,地震的调查显示这将是一个危险的观点。
点评:全文为总分总的结构。段I 句①开篇引出论点,人们相信尼泊尔是安全的Key words: safe.句②however表转折,表示后面要说的内容才是重要的。指出,地震研究表明这种观点实际是危险的。
II.①On 25 April 2015, Nepal was stuck by the magnitude 7.8 Gorkha earthquake,followed on 12 May 2015 by an aftershock of magnitude 7.3. ②The effects of these earthquakes have been widely reported, with almost 9,000 people killed, over 22,000 injured, and more than 600,000 private houses and almost 20,000 school classrooms destroyed.③The start of the reconstruction phase has been long delayed, with the arrangements mired in political machinations.④The upshot is that a very large proportion of the affected population has had to endure first thesummer monsoon, and now the bitterly cold Nepali winter, with little or no suitable shelter.
翻译:2015年4月25日,尼泊尔廓尔喀发生7.8级地震,随后在2015年5月12日,又发生了一场7.3级的余震。各大媒体广泛报道这些地震所造成的影响,近9000人死亡,22000多人受伤,600000多个私人住宅和近20000学校教室被摧毁。重建的开始阶段已经拖延了很长时间,重建安排深陷政治阴谋。其结果是,受此次地震影响的大本分人,不得不忍受第一个夏季季风,现在又要忍受尼泊尔严寒的冬天,很少甚至根本没有合适的住所。
点评:段II句①回顾2015年4月25日在尼泊尔发生的大地震,运用了被动语态。句②通过一系列数字来证明此次地震所造成伤害之大。with almost...destroyed运用了with复合结构.句③指出地震后,重建工作并未得到很好的落实,with thearrangements...运用with复合结构.句④表明地震对人民生活造成的影响。句子的主干:The upshot is that the affected population has had to endure the summer monsoon and the Nepali winter. 主系表结构,从句部分为and连接的并列句,句末为with 复合结构。
III.①It was well known that Nepal was overdue a major earthquake-indeed, as our understanding of the very complex plate tectonics beneath the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau has improved, the warnings of the risks have become ever stronger. ②In terms of Nepal as a nation, the main threat lies in a section ofthe major fault that provides the boundary between the Himalayas to the north and the Indian continental mass to the south. ③This fault runs across the southern part of Nepal, but the main concern lies in the section that runs westwards from a little south of Kathmandu. ④This section of fault suffered a very large and extremely damaging earthquake in 1505, but has not had a large event since. ⑤This indicates that the fault has stored a vast amount of energy, and thus is prone to a large earthquake. ⑥It was indeed this section of fault that ruptured to generate the earthquake in April.
翻译:众所周知,尼泊尔经历过大地震—事实上,我们理解的在喜马拉雅山脉和青藏高原下面非常复杂的板块构造已经有所上升,然而地震风险的警告却变得更强了。尼泊尔作为一个国家,主要威胁在于一段北至喜马拉雅山南至印度大陆的一个巨大裂缝。这个裂缝运行于尼泊尔南部,但是最值得担心的地方在从加德满都南部向西运行。这部分裂缝曾在1505年发生过一次非常大的且极其破坏性的地震,但从那以后,并没有再次发生过大事。这表明这条裂缝已经存储了大量的能量,因此容易发生大地震。确实是该段裂缝在4月份发生了地震。
点评:段III句①指出尼泊尔过去曾发生过地震。为长难复合句,第一个小分句为it+is/was+that...强调句型,强调尼泊尔在过去曾发生过大地震。破折号后为解释说明,indeed相当于in fact,为衔接语,此处as做连词,引导方式状语从句。improve原意为 be better, 这里结合上下文应理解为 “上升”。句②指出尼泊尔处于地震带上,In terms of...相当于衔接词,连接段与段之间的逻辑关系。句子主干:Nepal as a nation, the main threat lies in a section of the major fault that provides the boundary. Lie 为持续系动词,此句为主系表结构,that引导的表语从句修饰the major fault.句③进一步解释说明句②中所提到的the fault, 句子结构与上句相似。句④指出该裂缝从1505年发生过一次大地震后,再没发生过大事。句子主干为:This fault suffered a damaging earthquake。句⑤为that引导的宾语从句,句⑥为强调句。②③④⑤⑥在层层递进式的分析,造成2015年4月尼泊尔大地震的原因。
IV①It had been widely anticipated that the effects of an earthquake on this fault would be catastrophic. ②Indeed, the number of deaths in Kathmandu was expected to exceed 70,000 with many more in the rural regions. ③Nepal appears to have a very high level of vulnerability to the effects of earthquake shaking, with large numbers of buildings not reinforced against the effects of earthquakes, and many steep, unstable slopes that have the potential to generate landslides.④In this context, Nepal appears to have fared surprisingly well in the 2015 quake, recognizing of course the desperately sad losses that did occur.⑤As a result there is a temptation to believe that Nepal is now safe – that the fault has released energy and the buildings proved to be more resilient than expected.
翻译:该裂缝所产生的地震将造成灾难性的影响,这已经得到了广泛的预期。事实上,在加德满都的死亡人数预计将超过70000,更多的来自农村地区。尼泊尔似乎很易受地震震动的影响,大部分建筑对抗地震的强度不大,许多陡峭,不稳定斜坡很容易产生滑坡。在这种情况下,尼泊尔似乎在2015年的地震中并没有造成惨重伤亡,当然不得不承认确实造成了巨大损失。结果造成了一种假象,人们开始相信,现在的尼泊尔是安全的,裂缝已经释放了能量,建筑也被证明比预期的更有抵抗力。
点评:段IV句①紧接上一段继续讨论此裂缝若发生地震将发生可怕的后果。It为形式主语,that后引导的从句为真正的主语。句②用数字事实证实句①。句③阐释地震对尼泊尔建筑和街道造成的影响。此句为复合句,句子主干为:Nepal appears to have vulnerability to earthquake shaking。后为with复合结构。句④用来例证上句。句⑤进行总结,与开篇相呼应,人们开始相信尼泊尔是安全的。
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