大家钟情的“英伦腔”或“英音”,其实是个非常笼统的概念。除了字正腔圆的主播口音和夸张的英式贵族口音之外,大不列颠岛还汇集了各种“土气十足”的地方乡音……BBC一档节目中,英国妹子主播一人挑战模仿了17种不同英音,五花八门各种方言乱入,看完”涨姿势”……话说,你最喜欢的口音是哪种呢?
双语字幕版
The UK is incredibly diverse in terms of accents, and it just so happens that I can do many of these accents as my party trick. So come with me as I take you on a guided tour through all of the accents and archetype of Great Britain.
英国有非常多不同的腔调,随处都可以听到,所以我常常模仿这些腔调,当作我的才艺表演。现在,我就是大家的导游,带领大家欣赏大英帝国各式各样的腔调和风格。
Hi I’m Siobhan Thompson and this is anglophenia. And what I’m speaking right now is RP, received pronunciation, or you know, your standard BBC English. It’s spoken across the country, generally by middle and upper class people. Think of Martin Freeman, Benedict Cumberbatch, you know, most of the presenters of BBC news. So, good evening, it’s 9 o’clock and this is the news. I’m very important.
大家好,我是 Siobhan Thompson,欢迎收看 Anglophenia。我现在用公认发音说话。公认发音,或是在BBC听到的标准发音,不同城市的中上阶级人物都用公认发音说话,例如:Martin Freeman和 Benedict Cumberbatch,BBC 新闻大多是这样播报:“早安,欢迎收看九点新闻”,“我非常重要。”
Heightened RP is generally only spoken on film and television now. So you’re gonna think of Nell Card or the dull encounters in Downton Abbey. "Oh Gerald I do love you but you’re so terribly, terribly poor."
高阶公认发音是目前唯一出现在电影及电视中的腔调,想像和 Nell Card 在《唐顿庄园》里幽会,“Gerald,我爱你,但你真的太穷了。”
Now, London is the accent that most people outside of Britain can recognize, you know, that classic Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels. "Get out of my pub! Go on, get out of it! " "Shut it you tart ! "
伦敦腔是非英国人最为熟知的腔调,经典的《两根枪管》:“滚出我的酒吧!快滚开!”“臭婊子,闭嘴!”
East Anglia is a flat, boggy kind of place, with a flat, boggy kind of accent. I’d love to give you an example of somebody that comes from there that speaks like this, But they all lose this accent as they can. Steven Froy is from Norfolk, but he doesn’t speak like this cuz he’s posh. Here’s a classical kind of East Anglia phrase: I dun drop my computer in the fan and now it’s broken.
东英吉利是个平坦又多沼泽的地方,东英吉利腔调又平又黏,我举当地人所说出来的话作为例子,但他们几乎都不会讲这种腔调了,Steven Froy 来自诺福克,但他很优雅,所以他不会这样讲话。我讲一句东英吉利的经典名言:“我没有用电脑砸烂电风扇,但它坏了。”
Now let’s go across the island to the West Country, which is a much rounder sound, it's farmland, full of sheep and cows and apples. Think of Sam Gangee from the Lord of the Rings or Hagrid from the Harry Potter Movies. "Oy you bloody kids get off my land! Or "Mr. Frodo, don’t let them turn me into anything unnatural. "
接下来,我们前往英格兰西南部,这里的腔调较圆滑,那里有许多农田、羊、牛和苹果,而这里的代表人物是《魔戒》的 Sam Gangee 和《哈利波特》的 Hagrid。“死小孩,快滚出去!”或是“Frodo,别让他们把我变得这么奇怪。”
Then when you get down to Cornwall, it gets a little bit more pirate-y. "So hoist the mizzenmast."
接下来,来到康瓦耳,“升起后桅。”
Now Southern Welsh is this great sing-songy kind of accent. Think of Tom Jones or Richard Burtin, you know "Rage, rage against the dying of the light." "Bloody hell I love Dillan Thomas."
南威尔斯是最有乐感的腔调,你会想到 Tom Jones 或 Richard Burtin,“别温驯地步入美好的夜晚”“我爱死 Dillan Thomas 了。”
Northern Welsh is where singer Duffy is from, it’s a breathy, thicker kind of accent. And most people from there speak Welsh at home and English as a second language. So, you know, (Welsh)
歌手 Duffy 来自北威尔斯,这里的腔调带浓厚的呼吸声,在这里,威尔斯语是母语,英语是第二语言所以你知道谢谢你的威尔斯语怎么说啦!
Now, cross the country to the West Midlands in Birmingham, And it’s a very nasal kind of an accent, mostly on a () through went on in the area. Cat Deeley, who presents So You Think You Can Dance is from there. And so is Ozzy Osbourne, you know "Sharon, where's the bloody remote?" Yeah, that voice that he does isn’t a joke, it’s just where he’s from.
现在来到伯明罕的西米德兰兹郡,这里的腔调鼻音很重,大多会出现「欧」字当作连音,Cat Deeley就在那里主持《舞林争霸》。还有 Ozzy Osbourne,你一定听过“Sharon,那该死的遥控器跑去哪了?”他的声音不是装的,而那证明了他来自西米德兰兹郡。
Scouse is your classical Liverpool accent. The Beatles are from there and so is Paul McGann. They also made European capital of culture called 4 years ago by the EU, so don’t tell me that they’re not cultured, alright?
利物浦语是利物浦的经典腔调,披头士和 Paul McGann 都来自这里,四年前,欧盟定利物浦为欧洲文化之都,所以别跟我说他们没文化,好吧?
Authentic Lancashire, you know, think of Christopher Eccleston, or most of the cast of the Downstairs in the Downton Abbey. "Daisy, get the buns out of the oven before they burn! " "Oh, Mr. Bates. "
说到兰开郡,你一定会想到 Christopher Eccleston 或是《唐顿庄园》楼下的许多演员。“Daisy,移开你的屁股,不然它就要被火烧到了!”“喔,Bates 先生。”
So across the Pennines, Yorkshire, it's a much kind of flatter accent from Lancashire. And they cut off a lot of their words. So I'm going to pub uphill, think of Sean Bean from Lord of the Rings or Game of Thrones. One does not simply walk into Mordor.
越过本宁山脉,约克郡语比兰开郡语好听多了,他们切断许多字,所以我到山上,就会想到演过《魔戒》和《权力游戏》的 Sean Bean,他是唯一和 Mordor 没有关系的人。
So in Northumberland in Newcastle you speak in a Geordie accent, so you know, think of the Geordie shore, or Cheryl Cole, remember she got fired from X-Factor cuz nobody could understand a word she was saying. Or Billy Elliot! "All I want to do is dance ballet but my dad makes me box."
纽卡斯尔的诺森伯兰人有俗称 Geordie 的口音,所以你一定会想到《英伦玩咖日记》,或是 Cheryl Cole,还记得她因为太难听懂的口音而被踢出美国版《X音素》吗?或是舞动人生,“我很想学芭蕾,但我爸爸却给我一个箱子。”
Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, it’s a very soft, maybe a little snotty kind of an accent. Think of Ewan McGregor or Dame Maggie Smith, that’s Professor McGonagall. "That’s 10 points taken from Gryffindor, Mr. Potter."
爱丁堡是苏格兰的首都,这里的腔调很柔,听起来好像含着鼻涕。你可以想想 Ewan McGregor 或 Dame Maggie Smith,哈利波特中的麦教授,“波特先生,葛莱芬多扣十分。”
Glasgow is a much thicker kind of an accent. Billy Connolly and Peter Capaldi are both from there. They cut off a lot of their words, so, "uh, have you got any bottles, sir, got to go to the shop you know? "
格拉斯哥方言腔调较浓厚,Billy Connolly 和 Peter Capaldi 都来自格拉斯哥,他们讲话都会把字切断:“你会买杯喝的吗?先生,去商店的时候?“”
So, up to the very North to the Highlands of Scotland. Think of Amy Pond from Doctor Who, or maybe Sir Robert Burns. "The best-laid schemes o’ mice an’ men gang aft agley."
往北移动到苏格兰高地,你想想《神秘博士》里的 Amy Pond 和 Robert Burns,“即使你仔细安排,但事情还是可能会搞砸。”
Now let’s go to North Ireland and it's all about the vowels with the Northern Ireland Accent, Like, so like, "Hi Neighbor and all." Liam Neeson is from there. "We’ve got a very particular set of skills. " I know he doesn't say it in that accent in the movie but it sounds well so, like.
现在来到北爱尔兰,北爱尔兰的腔调主要在母音的发音方式不同,例如:“嗨,大家好!” Liam Neeson 就来自这里,“我们有很特别的技术。”我知道在电影里,他没有用这种腔调说话,但这样听起来也不错。
And finally, Southern Ireland is obviously not a part of the United Kingdom but obviously I can do a Dublin accent so let's just do it. It's a pretty classic Irish accent with a lot of assonance to it. So Sinéad O’Connor’s from there. "Nothing compares. Nothing compares to you."
最后,南爱尔兰虽然不是大英帝国的一部份,但我还可以模仿都柏林的腔调。经典的爱尔兰方言带有谐音,歌手 Sinéad O’Connor 来自南爱尔兰。“没有事情能比较,没有任何事情能和你比较。”
That is all from me. Tell me if there’s any British accent that I missed because I love a challenge. Don’t forget to subscribe and thanks for watching.
今天的节目到此结束,如果我有漏掉任何一种英式腔调,请告诉我,因为我很爱挑战。记得订阅我的影片,感谢您的收看。
附:英音的分类
整个大不列颠(Great Britain)的口音大概有以下十几种。
Brummie伯明翰, Cockney伦敦腔, Cumbrian坎伯兰, East Anglian东盎格鲁, East Midlands, Estuary, Geordie基尼, Jafaican, Kentish, Lancashire, Mackem, Northern, Received Pronunciation, Scottish (Glaswegian, Highland), Scouse, Southern, West Midlands, Welsh, West Country, Yorkshire
其中RP是其中的一种,RP是Accent, 不是Dialect,在当时美国人眼里一个人有British accent或者一个人住在Britain,就意味着“no accent”。在现在的英国,大概只有2%的人说着纯正的RP。RP是一种standard English,一般是non-native说的英语。也就是我们中学所学的英语。
需要注意的是,语言是无时无刻不在发展着的。
普遍认为RP是从Southern accent发展上来的,有传统(保守)、一般和精准的划分。在古时,认为Queen/King的口音是标准的RP,后来到了伊丽莎白二世,牛津字典词条收录里做了一些改变,但是女王仍然操着古英语。
在1700s还是没有RP的,一直到1800s大概是1830s这样,起源于一些很富裕的上流公共学校。
一口正统的RP至今在英国也是你有着良好教育的象征,而不是你是哪个地方人的象征。
所以至今,在牛津剑桥这样的知名高校,你仍然能够发现许多RP。
Tony Blair PM 生于苏格兰的爱丁堡,他在早期80年代说的都是RP,因为他的大学就读的是牛津的圣约翰大学
后来到了90年代也就是他做PM的期间,其实说的已经不是RP了,稍微带了一点伦敦腔。普遍认为他说的是Estuary English, 基本每个人的伦敦腔都差不多是这样(可能Blair在从政期间亲民的一种改变吧,因为标准的RP,会显的太urgent,给人以一种居高临下清高贵族的感觉)。这种口音一般是一般RP一般是working-class的cockney。
BBC使用RP是从Lord Reith开始的,他当时要BBC做个示范,做个标杆,要统一发音,不管贫富是否是英国人或者英国哪个地方的人都能够听得懂广播里播的内容。于是采用了当时标准的RP。而BBC也做的相当好。这个人在BBC的历史上的作用是举足轻重的。他为UK树立了一个高标准,从而使BBC至今一直稳坐全球传媒第一把交椅。
但是在1971年他去世以后,BBC的RP也就渐渐的开始发生转变。虽然现在BBC上还能听到RP,尤其是在新闻上,但是也早已改变。
语言是无时无刻不在变化着的。
你可以听BBC的一些老的新闻,也可以听Angelina Jolie’s character in “Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow”,她从1930s就开始说RP了。
时过境迁,没有什么会一尘不变。
Blair的口音个人认为短促、有力,抑扬顿挫,激情盎然,听起来可以让人身心振奋。这大概是一个演讲家最难能可贵的。谁又会去那么关乎他的发音呢?
如果真的要挑刺。个人感觉,大概如下
他的清辅音“t”发的太过于响亮
他的短元音,尤其是前短元音/i/,他经常会往后发,从而听起来像 /ʊ/
他的双元音/ɪə/,末尾发的口型开的较大,以至于听起来像/ʊə/
还是他那个/i/没有发好,呵呵,这其实就是典型的cockney了。不过,因为喜欢,所以这些小瑕疵听起来倒是圆润无比,大珠小珠落玉盘。:)
这么说来大概你会很崩溃,但是就像我们的普通话,谁又能100%的纯净和地道呢,总有那一两个音会有瑕疵的,正因如此,也自成了一种特色。否则都是standard,和机器又有什么区别呢?
学RP,下面的一些人都在使用RP,可以选择喜欢的模仿,不要苛求百分之百的准确,再说怎么可能呢?
Actors:
Hugh Grant
David Niven (演19391版《呼啸山庄》的那个,还有《兰黛夫人》《粉红豹》等)
John Cleese(《夏洛特的网》,《一条叫旺达的鱼》等)
Patrick Stewart (Captain Picard)(《X战记》,《忍者神龟》等)
Simon Cowell( A&R executive and TV producer)
The BBC from the 1920s to the 1970s
Top schools and universities, like Oxford and Cambridge
Tory MPs(英国的保守党员,King James 二世的支持者)
近期学习: